Mechanisms of resistance to diflubenzuron in the house fly, musca. Muscidae 2 manure piles or in other protected locations. Contains diflubenzuron insect growth regulator igr breaks the life cycle of horn flies, stable flies, house flies, face flies. The results of larval feeding assay with technical diflubenzuron. Breaks the life cycle of the listed insects horn flies, stable flies, house flies, face flies. House fly mortality for the first 10 wk postbolusing was lower in each herd than the face fly or horn fly mortality. Diflubenzuron appears to be relatively nonpersistent and immobile under normal use conditions. Diflubenzuron is a ureaderived insecticide that is approved for use in the eu. Treatment of pastures with diflubenzuron suppresses horn fly, haematobia irritans diptera. Regulatory status diflubenzuron is a larvicide with activity against flies house. Treatment of pastures with diflubenzuron suppresses horn. Available data indicate that it is unlikely that diflubenzuron will.
Nutritional supplement for cattle containing diflubenzuron for continuous feeding to cattle during the fly season. In addition, resistance to diflubenzuron has been induced in house flies by direct selection 3 g. Diflubenzuron applied under laboratory conditions at 1 mg 929 cm2 to a breedingsurface area prevented the emergence of house flies, musca domestica l. This product prevents the emergence of house and stable flies from the manure of treated horses. Make the most of your control efforts by incorporating an integrated pest management program ipm with clarifly larvicide livestock premix 0. Based on its chemical properties, it is not expected to leach to groundwater. House flies, stable flies, face flies and horn flies are pervasive and. Another house fly associated economic threat to cattle facilities. Pdf on jan 1, 20, muhammad nadeem abbas and others published house fly musca domestica, a challenging pest. Releases of tagged laboratoryreared flies were used to estimate the population of adult house flies on grand. It is a potential vector of more than 100 different disease organisms harmful to both humans and animals, including protozoans, bacteria, virus, and fungi greenberg 1973, pandian and asumtha 2001, clavel et al. Diflubenzuron is a larvicide with activity against flies house, stable, face, and horn and many leaf eating larvae of insects feeding on agricultural, forest and ornamental plants gypsy moths and rust mites. This regulation establishes tolerances for residues of diflubenzuron in or on multiple commodities which are identified and discussed later in this document. It is a benzoylurea insecticide and a member of monochlorobenzenes.
Larvicidal activity of diflubenzuron in the tsetse fly nature. Request pdf control of the houseflies musca domestica using the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron insecticidal effects of diflubenzuron in dimilin 25 wp on the house fly, particularly. House fly, insect growth regulator, musca domestica, resistance, turkey. Diflubenzuron has low mammalian toxicity, and the majority of the compound is excreted from mammalian systems unchanged in the feces. House fly baits, such as those in table 1, can be used in exterior areas close to feedlots to lure and kill house flies.
Two of these were conducted in maryland, one in indiana, and one in missouri. Low toxic fly control for horses nebraska extension in. The results of larval feeding assay with technical diflubenzuron, methoprene, novaluron, pyripoxyfen, and triflumuron indicate that low levels rf house fly populations from antalya province. It is a widely used larvicide in india for control of mosquito larvae by public health authorities. Larvicidal activity of diflubenzuron in the tsetse fly. Fly control inside the poultry house is an easier problem to handle if flies are prevented from entering. The house fly has been implicated in the transmission of 65 disease organisms, such as the bacteria that causes mastitis, some. Survey of insect growth regulator igr resistance in. During warmer months, house and stable flies are common pests around equine facilities. Simuliidae 2 is variable, depending on the black fly species and water temperature.
Diflubenzuron is a chitin synthesis inhibitor, which is another type of insect growth regulator. Dimilin sc can be used in repeat applications as a soil treatment or foliar spray. Farnam equitrol ii feedthru fly control contains diflubenzuron, an insect growth regulator, which prevents the development of house flies and stable flies in. This product prevents emergence of adult flies from the manure of the treated cattle. Larvae of sciarid flies, phorid flies on mushrooms, mosquitoes and most fly larvae can all be controlled with diflubenzuron. Highly palatable feed additive to prevent the development of stable flies and house flies in the manure of treated horses feedthru fly control active ingredient.
Jun 01, 2010 where, t number of emerged flies in the treated group. The total carbohydrate, protein and lipid contents were estimated, and the effects of these compounds on native protein. Rationale for us epa to add diflubenzuron to the toxic release inventory. Diflubenzuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, as a house.
Fate of diflubenzuron in the stable fly and house fly. The inhibitory function of dimilin diflubenzuron, mostly a chitin synthesis regulator, on the ecdysis of mosquitoes anopheles gambiae s. The active ingredient, diflubenzuron, was first registered by the epa in 1976. It is also used as a larvae control chemical in mushroom operations and animal houses. Laboratory evaluation of diflubenzuron as a feedthrough for. In a 2year study in which beagle dogs received diflubenzuron daily in gelatin capsules, the loael for increases in sulfhemoglobin and methemoglobin was 10 mgkgday and the noael was 2 mgkgday. Warm summer conditions are generally optimum for the development of the house fly, and it can complete its life cycle in as little as seven to ten days. It is used in forest management and on field crops to selectively control insect pests, particularly forest tent caterpillar moths, boll weevils, gypsy moths, and other types of moths. A topdress supplement containing diflubenzuron insect growth regulator for cattle, equine, and swine to prevent the emergence of horn flies, face flies, house flies, stable flies from manure of treated cattle, equine and swine. Some of those flies that do enter the house can be controlled by electrical insect traps and bait stations. Control of the houseflies musca domestica using the insect. In some cases, supplemental fly control measures may be needed in and around paddocks and buildings to control adult house and stable flies which can breed in other decaying vegetable matter or silage on. Fresh manure from 5 animals of each herd was collected biweekly and bioassayed utilizing newly hatched colonized horn face and house fly larvae.
Clarifly premix contains diflubenzuron, an insect growth regulator, which prevents the development of house flies, stable flies, face flies, and horn flies in the manure of treated beef and dairy cattle, but is not effective against existing adult flies. The insecticides used in control operations against tsetse flies glossina spp. Efficacy of diflubenzuron wp and granule formulations chitin synthesis inhibitor vis avis dichlorvos ec in the control of housefly was assessed in. Highly palatable feed additive to prevent the development of. However, under suboptimal conditions the life cycle may require up to two months. Treatment of pastures with diflubenzuron suppresses horn fly. Prevents the development of stable flies and house flies in the manure of treated horses. It has been previously reported that house fly larvae arc less susccptible to diflubenzuron than arc face fly or horn fly larvae miller and miller 1978. Diflubenzuron has pharmacokinetic characteristics that make it an appropriate feed additive to control immature flies that live in and feed on feces. Through the proper use of screens for doors, windows, and curtain openings the number of flies that enter the house can be minimized. The ideal program will hit flies where they breed, and can help reduce populations to manageable levels.
Diflubenzuron to prevent the development of fly larvae in manure of treated horses. Fill the mixing tank with half the required amount of water. Where, t number of emerged flies in the treated group. Three formulations of diflubenzuron were evaluated in this study. Prevents the emergence of house flies, horn flies, face flies, and stable flies. Pdf houseflies are one of the major pest problems worldwide. Diflubenzuron is a nonsystemic active ingredient with contact and stomach activity. Several species of tephritidae have a greater impact on global.
Laboratory evaluation of diflubenzuron as a feedthrough. Interregional research project number 4 ir4 requested these tolerances under the federal food, drug, and cosmetic act ffdca. Beef cattle fly control with diflubenzuron vigilante tm. Dimilin sc provides an effective means for controlling a variety of insect pests found in and around ornamental plants. The major route of dissipation appears to be biotic processes halflife of approximately 2 days for aerobic soil metabolism. Fruit fly pest food chain crisis emergency prevention system fccempres controlling fruit fly pest by releasing sterile male insects the larvae of fruit fly pests damage plant tissues before their harvest. Materials and methods two flies infested chicken houses harboring egglaying chickens, belonging to a commercial egg production farm, were chosen for the experiment. Insect pests of cotton, soyabean and horticultural crops are all susceptible. Laboratory bioassays have indicated that the activity of wp and gr formulations of diflubenzuron against culex mosquitoes were relatively lower than that of other igrs, novaluron and pyriproxyfen 25,26. This appendix describes the ecological exposure to diflubenzuron for fly control at livestock operations and estimates aquatic exposure from this use. It is a potential vector of more than 100 different disease organisms harmful to both humans. Highly palatable feed additive to prevent the development. This product contains an insect growth regulator which prevents the development of house. Large populations in april, 1998, continued as long as the high water caused streams to flow.
Diflubenzuron exposure through use on fly breeding areas in livestock operations. Pdf effectiveness of diflubenzuron in the control of houseflies. The insecticidal action of two insect growth disruptors igds. Diflubenzuron is an insecticide of the benzoylurea class.
Physiological and biochemical effects of diflubenzuron and. Muscidae, is one of the most common flies where people gather for work and livelihood. Integrated pest management controlling diseasecarrying. Pdf effectiveness of diflubenzuron in the control of. Start feeding this product early in the spring before flies begin to. Diflubenzuron is a benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6difluorobenzoyl group. Unlike juvenile mimic hormones, the chitin synthesis inhibitors interfere with the normal synthesis of insect exoskeletons during molting or at hatching of eggs. For information about the health effects of pesticides, or for assistance in recognizing and managing pesticide poisoning symptoms, please contact. Diflubenzuron is stable to hydrolysis and photolysis. The mechanisms of resistance to the chitin synthesis inhibitor diflubenzuron were investigated in a diflubenzuronselected strain of the house fly musca. Integrated pest management controlling diseasecarrying and. In veterinary applications, feed through trials on cattle led to the control of the house fly larvae musca domestica in the dung. The insects feed on human foodstuffs and wastes where. Can be used as part of a complete fly control pest management program.
Start feeding this product early in the spring, 30 days before flies begin to appear, and continue feeding throughout. House flies, stable flies, face flies and horn flies are pervasive and resilient pests. Status of biopesticides for control of house flies christopher j. Effectiveness of diflubenzuron in the control of houseflies. Efficacy of three formulations of diflubenzuron, an insect. Mechanisms of resistance to diflubenzuron in the house fly. Diflubenzuron and cyromazine strongly affect the development of housefly larvae from. Survey of insect growth regulator igr resistance in house. Diflubenzuron is a stomach and contact poison which acts by inhibiting the production of chitin a compound that makes the outer covering of the insect hard and so interferes with the formation of the insects cuticle or shell. Mar 01, 2007 diflubenzuron has pharmacokinetic characteristics that make it an appropriate feed additive to control immature flies that live in and feed on feces. Dimilin is active against the larval stages of most mportant fly species, including the house fly musca domestica, face fly musca autumnalis, stable fly stomoxys calcitrans and horn fly.